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Title: |
Loan and Security Agreement |
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Entities: |
Borders Group, Inc.; First Union National Bank; Fleet National Bank; Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Inc.; Source Interlink Companies Inc. |
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Date: |
2002 |
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Size: |
Preview shows 31KB of 193KB total |
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Price: |
$59 |
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ID: |
#337012 |
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LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
by and between
CONGRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION (WESTERN)
as Lender
and
DAVID E. YOUNG, INC.
as Borrower
Dated: February 22, 2001
{PAGE}
LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
This Loan and Security Agreement dated February 22, 2001 is entered
into by and between CONGRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION (WESTERN), a California
corporation ("Lender") and DAVID E. YOUNG, INC., a New York corporation
("Borrower").
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, Borrower has requested that Lender enter into certain
financing arrangements with Borrower pursuant to which Lender may make loans and
provide other financial accommodations to Borrower; and
WHEREAS, International Periodical Distributors, Inc., a Nevada
corporation ("IPD"), which is an Affiliate of Borrower, has also requested that
Lender enter into certain financing arrangements with IPD pursuant to which
Lender may make loans and provide other financial accommodations to IPD, which
financing arrangements are to be documented in and governed by a separate
agreement; and
WHEREAS, Lender is willing to make loans and provide financial
accommodations to Borrower on the terms and conditions set forth herein;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual conditions and
agreements set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto
agree as follows:
SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS.
All terms used herein which are defined in Article 1 or Article 9 of
the California Uniform Commercial Code shall have the respective meanings given
therein unless otherwise defined in this Agreement. All references to the plural
herein shall also mean the singular and to the singular shall also mean the
plural. All references to Borrower and Lender pursuant to the definitions set
forth in the recitals hereto, or to any other person herein, shall include their
respective successors and assigns. The words "hereof", "herein", "hereunder",
"this Agreement" and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall
refer to this Agreement as a whole and not any particular provision of this
Agreement and as this Agreement now exists or may hereafter be amended,
modified, supplemented, extended, renewed, restated or replaced. Any accounting
term used herein unless otherwise defined in this Agreement shall have the
meaning customarily given to such term in accordance with GAAP. All references
in this Agreement to corporate officers or agents, corporate formation and
governing documents and/or corporate actions shall, to the extent applied to any
Person that is a limited liability company, be construed as a reference to the
appropriate counterpart for such term under the laws and norms governing or
related to limited liability companies.
For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the
respective meanings given to them below:
1.1 "Accounts" shall mean all present and future rights of Borrower to
payment for goods sold or leased or for services rendered, which are not
evidenced by instruments or chattel paper, and whether or not earned by
performance, other than RDA Claims.
1.2 "Adjusted Eurodollar Rate" shall mean, with respect to each
Interest Period for any Eurodollar Rate Loan, the rate per annum (rounded
upwards, if necessary, to the next one-sixteenth (1/16) of one percent (1%))
determined by dividing (a) the Eurodollar Rate for such Interest Period by (b) a
percentage equal to: one (1) minus the Reserve Percentage. For purposes hereof,
"Reserve Percentage" shall mean the reserve percentage, expressed as a decimal,
prescribed by any United States or foreign
{PAGE}
banking authority for determining the reserve requirement which is or would be
applicable to deposits of United States dollars in a non-United States or an
international banking office of Reference Bank used to fund a Eurodollar Rate
Loan or any Eurodollar Rate Loan made with the proceeds of such deposit, whether
or not the Reference Bank actually holds or has made any such deposits or loans.
The Adjusted Eurodollar Rate shall be adjusted on and as of the effective day of
any change in the Reserve Percentage.
1.3 "Affiliate" shall mean any Person, except for DAC, controlled by,
controlling or under common control with Borrower, including (without
limitation) any Subsidiary of Borrower. For purposes of this definition,
"control," when used with respect to any specified Person, means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
1.4 "Aggregate Excess Availability" shall mean Excess Availability of
Borrower under this Agreement plus Excess Availability (as defined in the IPD
Loan Agreement) of IPD under the IPD Loan Agreement.
1.5 "Availability Reserves" shall mean, as of any date of
determination, such amounts as Lender may from time to time establish and revise
in good faith reducing the amount of Revolving Loans which would otherwise be
available to Borrower under the lending formula(s) provided for herein: (a) to
reflect events, conditions, contingencies or risks which, as determined by
Lender in good faith, do or may affect either (i) the Collateral or any other
property which is security for the Obligations or its value, (ii) the assets,
business or prospects of Borrower or any Obligor or (iii) the security interests
and other rights of Lender in the Collateral (including the enforceability,
perfection and priority thereof) or (b) to reflect Lender's good faith belief
that any collateral report or financial information furnished by or on behalf of
Borrower or any Obligor to Lender is or may have been incomplete, inaccurate or
misleading in any material respect or (c) except when Availability Reserves are
calculated for purposes of Section 2.1 or for calculating Aggregate Excess
Availability in Section 4.1(h), to reflect the amount of Excess Cash Flow For
Term Loan Repayment accrued but unpaid as of such date of determination or (d)
to reflect any state of facts which Lender determines in good faith constitutes
an Event of Default or may, with notice or passage of time or both, constitute
an Event of Default. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Lender
shall establish Availability Reserves (w) with respect to all Slotting Contracts
under which a publisher is obligated to pay any slotting or similar fees, but
for which Borrower may also be liable, in an amount equal to the aggregate
amount of slotting and similar fees payable under such Slotting Contracts during
the term thereof; provided, however, in the event Borrower obtains a non-offset
letter from the other contracting party to a Slotting Contract in form and
substance satisfactory to Lender, the Availability Reserve established by Lender
with respect to such Slotting Contract shall be suspended during the effective
term of such non-offset letter, (x) from time to time in such amounts as Lender
may determine to reflect the Dilution as of any date with respect to the
Accounts of Borrower for the immediately preceding three month period exceeding
two and one-half percent (2.5%), (y) from time to time in an amount equal to the
quarterly interest payments then due under the terms of the Seller Notes, and
(z) from time to time in an amount equal to the dividends then scheduled to be
made on the preferred stock issued by DAC to Source on the date hereof.
1.6 "Blocked Account" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.3
hereof.
1.7 "Book Reserve for Returns" shall mean, with respect to any Account,
the amount Borrower has reserved with respect to such Account for returned
Inventory, which amount or method for determining such amount, shall be
satisfactory to Lender in all respects.
1.8 "Borders" shall mean Borders Group, Inc. and its Subsidiaries.
1.9 "BWL Sublimit" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)
hereof.
{PAGE}
1.10 "BWL Sublimit Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 2.1(a) hereof.
1.11 "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday,
or other day on which commercial banks are authorized or required to close under
the laws of the State of New York or the State of North Carolina, and a day on
which the Reference Bank and Lender are open for the transaction of business,
except that if a determination of a Business Day shall relate to any Eurodollar
Rate Loans, the term Business Day shall also exclude any day on which banks are
closed for dealings in dollar deposits in the London interbank market or other
applicable Eurodollar Rate market.
1.12 "Capital Expenditures" shall mean, for any period, any expenditure
of money under a Capital Lease or for the lease, purchase or other acquisition
of any capital asset, for the lease of any other asset, whether payable
currently or in the future, or for the purchase or construction of assets, or
for improvements or additions thereto, which are capitalized on Borrower's
balance sheet.
1.13 "Capital Lease" shall mean, as applied to any Person, any lease of
(or any agreement conveying the right to use) any property (whether real,
personal or mixed) by such Person as lessee that, in accordance with GAAP, is
required to be reflected as a liability on the balance sheet of such Person.
1.14 "Capital Stock" shall mean, with respect to any Person, any and
all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated)
of such Person's capital stock, partnership interests or limited liability
company interests at any time outstanding, and any and all rights, warrants or
options exchangeable for or convertible into such capital stock or other
interests (but excluding any debt security that is exchangeable for or
convertible into such capital stock).
1.15 "Code" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as the same
now exists or may from time to time hereafter be amended, modified, recodified
or supplemented, together with all rules, regulations and interpretations
thereunder or related thereto.
1.16 "Collateral" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5 hereof.
1.17 "DAC" shall mean Deyco Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation.
1.18 "Debt" shall mean, for any Person, all items of indebtedness which
in accordance with GAAP would be included in determining total liabilities as
shown on the liabilities side of a balance sheet of such Person as at the date
as of which Debt is to be determined. For purposes of determining a Person's
aggregate Debt at any time, "Debt" shall also include the aggregate payments
(corresponding to principal) required to be made by such Person at any time
under any Capital Lease.
1.19 "Debt Service" shall mean, for any period, the sum for the
Borrower of the following: (a) all mandatory payments of principal of Debt
scheduled to be made during such period, excluding payments required by Section
3.6 hereof, plus (b) all Interest Expense for such period.
1.20 "DEY Affiliates" shall mean, JNC, NNC, PNC, RJR, SMI and any other
Person controlled by Borrower, including (without limitation) any Subsidiary of
Borrower. For purposes of this definition, "control," when used with respect to
any specified Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of
such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting
securities, by contract or otherwise.
1.21 "Dilution" shall mean for any period, the fraction, expressed as a
percentage, the numerator of which is the aggregate amount of non-cash
reductions (other than reductions to Eligible Accounts in Section 1.49 or
amounts reserved for pursuant to Section 1.5) in the Accounts of Borrower for
{PAGE}
such period and the denominator of which is the aggregate dollar amount of the
sales of Borrower for such period.
1.22 "DSUSA" shall mean Data Systems USA, a Nevada corporation.
1.23 "EBITDA" shall mean, as to any Person, with respect to any period,
an amount equal to: (a) the Net Income of such Person and its Subsidiaries for
such period on a consolidated basis determined in accordance with GAAP (which
amount may include payments received for RDA Claims, exclusive of interest and
amortization, in an amount not to exceed One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000)
per fiscal year), plus (b) depreciation, amortization and other non-cash charges
(including, but not limited to, imputed interest and deferred compensation) of
such Person for such period (to the extent deducted in the computation of Net
Income), all in accordance with GAAP, plus (c) Interest Expense (excluding,
however, for this purpose, clauses (b) and (c) of the definition of such term)
of such Person for such period (to the extent deducted in the computation of Net
Income), plus (d) the Provision for Taxes for such period (to the extent
deducted in the computation of Net Income), plus (e) any charge or expense
arising out of the sale, discount or factoring of RDA Claims during such period
(to the extent deducted in the computation of Net Income and not included in
Interest Expense), but in no event more than One Hundred Thousand Dollars
($100,000) during such period.
1.24 "EDS" shall mean Eastern Distribution Services, Inc., a Nevada
corporation.
1.25 "Eligible Accounts" shall mean Accounts created by Borrower which
are and continue to be acceptable to Lender based on the criteria set forth
below. In general, Accounts shall be Eligible Accounts if:
(a) such Accounts arise from the actual and bona fide sale and
delivery of goods by Borrower or rendition of services by Borrower in the
ordinary course of its business which transactions are completed in accordance
with the terms and provisions contained in any documents related thereto;
(b) such Accounts are not unpaid more than sixty (60) days
after the date on which payment is due, nor unpaid more than one hundred twenty
(120) days after the date of the original invoice therefor; provided, however,
until the BWL Sublimit Expiration Date, Accounts owed by Borders, Waldenbooks or
Lowes unpaid more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the date on which
payment is due but not unpaid more than one hundred fifty (150) days after the
date of the original invoice therefor may also be deemed Eligible Accounts;
(c) such Accounts comply with the terms and conditions
contained in Section 7.2(b) of this Agreement;
(d) other than in the ordinary course of Borrower's business,
such Accounts do not arise from sales on consignment, guaranteed sale, sale on
approval, or other terms (other than sale and return) under which payment by the
account debtor may be conditional or contingent;
(e) the chief executive office of the account debtor with
respect to such Accounts is located in the United States of America or outside
the United States of America, at Lender's option, if either: (i) the account
debtor has delivered to Borrower an irrevocable letter of credit issued or
confirmed by a bank satisfactory to Lender and payable only in the United States
of America and in U.S. dollars, sufficient to cover such Account, in form and
substance satisfactory to Lender and, if required by Lender, the original of
such letter of credit has been delivered to Lender or Lender's agent and the
issuer thereof notified of the assignment of the proceeds of such letter of
credit to Lender, or (ii) such Account is subject to credit insurance payable to
Lender issued by an insurer and on terms and in an amount acceptable to Lender,
or (iii) such Account is otherwise acceptable in all respects to Lender (subject
to such lending formula with respect thereto as Lender may determine);
{PAGE}
(f) such Accounts do not consist of progress billings, bill
and hold invoices or retainage invoices, except as to bill and hold invoices, if
Lender shall have received an agreement in writing from the account debtor, in
form and substance satisfactory to Lender, confirming the unconditional
obligation of the account debtor to take the goods related thereto and pay such
invoice;
(g) the account debtor with respect to such Accounts has not
asserted a counterclaim, defense or dispute and does not have, and does not
engage in transactions which may give rise to, any right of setoff against such
Accounts (but the portion of the Accounts of such account debtor in excess of
the amount at any time and from time to time owed by Borrower to such account
debtor or claimed owed by such account debtor may be deemed Eligible Accounts);
(h) there are no facts, events or occurrences which would
impair the validity, enforceability or collectability of such Accounts or reduce
the amount payable or delay payment thereunder;
(i) such Accounts are subject to the first priority, valid and
perfected security interest of Lender and any goods giving rise thereto are not,
and were not at the time of the sale thereof, subject to any liens except those
permitted in this Agreement;
(j) neither the account debtor nor any officer or employee of
the account debtor with respect to such Accounts is an officer, employee or
agent of or affiliated with Borrower directly or indirectly by virtue of family
membership, ownership, control, management or otherwise;
(k) the account debtors with respect to such Accounts are not
any foreign government, the United States of America, any State, political
subdivision, department, agency or instrumentality thereof, unless, if the
account debtor is the United States of America, any State, political
subdivision, department, agency or instrumentality thereof, upon Lender's
request, the Federal Assignment of Claims Act of 1940, as amended or any similar
State or local law, if applicable, has been complied with in a manner
satisfactory to Lender;
(l) to the knowledge of Borrower, there are no proceedings or
actions which are threatened or pending against the account debtors with respect
to such Accounts which might result in any material adverse change in any such
account debtor's financial condition;
(m) such Accounts of a single account debtor or its affiliates
do not constitute more than, in the case of Borders and Waldenbooks,
collectively, thirty-five percent (35%) of all otherwise Eligible Accounts, in
the case of Barnes & Noble, thirty-five percent (35%) of all otherwise Eligible
Accounts and in all other cases, fifteen percent (15%) of all otherwise Eligible
Accounts (but the portion of the Accounts not in excess of such percentages may
be deemed Eligible Accounts);
(n) such Accounts owed by an account debtor, regardless of
whether otherwise eligible, if fifty percent (50%) or more of the total amount
due under Accounts from such debtor is ineligible under clause (b) above;
(o) such Accounts are owed by account debtors whose total
indebtedness to Borrower does not exceed the credit limit with respect to such
account debtors as determined by Lender from time to time and communicated to
Borrower (but the portion of the Accounts not in excess of such credit limit may
be deemed Eligible Accounts);
(p) such Accounts are not owed by a publisher, or any other
Person, with respect to Retail Display Allowances; and
{PAGE}
(q) such Accounts are owed by account debtors deemed
creditworthy at all times by Lender, as determined by Lender.
General criteria for Eligible Accounts may be established and revised from time
to time by Lender in good faith. Any Accounts which are not Eligible Accounts
shall nevertheless be part of the Collateral.
1.26 "Environmental Laws" shall mean all federal, state, district,
local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, and consent decrees
relating to health, safety, hazardous substances, pollution and environmental
matters, as now or at any time hereafter in effect, applicable to Borrower's
business and facilities (whether or not owned by it), including laws relating to
emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants,
contamination, chemicals, or hazardous, toxic or dangerous substances, materials
or wastes into the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air,
surface water, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata) or otherwise
relating to the generation, manufacture, processing, distribution, use,
treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of pollutants, contaminants,
chemicals, or hazardous, toxic or dangerous substances, materials or wastes.
1.27 "Equipment" shall mean all of Borrower's now owned and hereafter
acquired equipment, machinery, computers and computer hardware and software
(whether owned or licensed), vehicles, tools, furniture, fixtures, all
attachments, accessions and property now or hereafter affixed thereto or used in
connection therewith, and substitutions and replacements thereof, wherever
located.
1.28 "ERISA" shall mean the United States Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as the same now exists or may hereafter from time to time
be amended, modified, recodified or supplemented, together with all rules,
regulations and interpretations thereunder or related thereto.
1.29 "ERISA Affiliate" shall mean any Person required to be aggregated
with Borrower or any of its Affiliates under Sections 414(b), 414(c), 414(m) or
414(o) of the Code.
1.30 "Eurodollar Rate Loans" shall mean any Loans or portion thereof on
which interest is payable based on the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate in accordance
with the terms hereof.
1.31 "Eurodollar Rate" shall mean with respect to the Interest Period
for a Eurodollar Rate Loan, the interest rate per annum equal to the arithmetic
average of the rates of interest per annum (rounded upwards, if necessary, to
the next one-sixteenth (1/16) of one (1%) percent) at which Reference Bank is
offered deposits of United States dollars in the London interbank market (or
other Eurodollar Rate market selected by Borrower and approved by Lender) on or
about 9:00 a.m. (New York time) two (2) Business Days prior to the commencement
of such Interest Period in amounts substantially equal to the principal amount
of the Eurodollar Rate Loans requested by and available to Borrower in
accordance with this Agreement, with a maturity of comparable duration to the
Interest Period selected by Borrower.
1.32 "Event of Default" shall mean the occurrence or existence of any
event or condition described in Section 10.1 hereof. An Event of Default shall
exist, continue or be continuing until such Event of Default is waived in
accordance with Section 11.3.
1.33 "Excess Availability" shall mean the amount, as determined by
Lender, calculated at any time, equal to:
(a) the lesser of (i) the amount of the Revolving Loans
available to Borrower as of such time (based on the advance rate set forth in
Section 2.1 hereof), subject to the sublimits and Availability Reserves from
time to time established by Lender hereunder and (ii) the Maximum Credit (less
the then outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan), minus
(b) the sum of: (i) the amount of all then outstanding and
unpaid Obligations (but not including for this purpose the then outstanding
principal amount of the Term Loan), (ii) the aggregate
{PAGE}
amount of all trade payables of Borrower that are past due as of such time, in
accordance with Borrower's historical practices and as approved by Lender, (iii)
the aggregate amount of Borrower's book overdrafts, and (iv) the aggregate
amount of Borrower's past due lease and notes payable.
1.34 "Excess Cash Flow" of any Person shall mean, as of the date of
determination, for any period, the excess, if any, of (i) EBITDA for such period
less (ii) the sum of (a) Capital Expenditures made during the period, plus (b)
the aggregate amount of Debt Service for such period, plus (c) the Provision for
Taxes for such period, plus (d) the increase, if any, in such Person's non-cash
working capital from the first to the last day of such Period, plus (e) a
reasonable reserve established by such Person and acceptable to Lender in its
reasonable discretion.
1.35 "Excess Cash Flow For Term Loan Repayment" shall mean for each
fiscal year of Borrower, twenty five percent (25%) of Borrower's cumulative
Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal year as reported in Borrower's quarterly
financial statements as acceptable to Lender.
1.36 "Financing Agreements" shall mean, collectively, this Agreement,
the Term Note, the IPD Loan Agreement, the IPD Guaranty, the UCS Guaranty and
all other agreements, documents and instruments now or at any time hereafter
executed and/or delivered by Borrower or any Obligor in connection with this
Agreement, as the same now exist or may hereafter be amended, modified,
supplemented, extended, renewed, restated or replaced.
1.37 "Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio" shall mean, for any period, the
ratio of (a) EBITDA less cash payments for taxes based on income for such period
less Capital Expenditures for such period to (b) Debt Service for such period.
1.38 "GAAP" shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States of America as in effect from time to time as set forth in the
opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the statements and pronouncements
of the Financial Accounting Standards Boards which are applicable to the
circumstances as of the date of determination consistently applied, except that,
for purposes of Sections 9.15 and ERROR! REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND. hereof,
GAAP shall be determined on the basis of such principles in effect on the date
hereof and consistent with those used in the preparation of the audited
financial statements delivered to Lender prior to the date hereof.
1.39 "Hazardous Materials" shall mean any hazardous, toxic or dangerous
substances, materials and wastes, including, without limitation, hydrocarbons
(including naturally occurring or man-made petroleum and hydrocarbons),
flammable explosives, asbestos, urea formaldehyde insulation, radioactive
materials, biological substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides,
herbicides and any other kind and/or type of pollutants or contaminants
(including, without limitation, materials which include hazardous constituents),
sewage, sludge, industrial slag, solvents and/or any other similar substances,
materials, or wastes and including any other substances, materials or wastes
that are or become regulated under any Environmental Law (including, without
limitation any that are or become classified as hazardous or toxic under any
Environmental Law).
1.40 "Information Certificate" shall mean the Information Certificate
of Borrower, constituting Exhibit A hereto, containing material information with
respect to Borrower, its business and assets provided by or on behalf of
Borrower to Lender in connection with the preparation of this Agreement and the
other Financing Agreements and the financing arrangements provided for herein.
1.41 "Interest Expense" shall mean, for any period, as to any Person
and its Subsidiaries, all of the following as determined in accordance with
GAAP: total interest expense, whether paid or accrued (including the interest
component of Capital Leases for such period), including, without limitation, all
bank fees, commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect
to letters of credit, banker's acceptances or similar instruments, but excluding
(a) amortization of discount and amortization of deferred
{PAGE}
financing fees and closing costs paid in cash in connection with the
transactions contemplated hereby, (b) interest paid in property other than cash
and (c) any other interest expense not payable in cash.
1.42 "Interest Period" shall mean for any Eurodollar Rate Loan, a
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